Comment and definition
The abuse of children is not new. In relative terms what is new is the determination to deal with it in ways that are sensitive to the feelings of the victim and their carers as well as giving clear messages of disapproval to those who harm children. Backing for this determination is found in law, in research and in the experience of many from different professional disciplines.
In these procedures it is accepted that an abused child is a boy or girl under the age of 17 who has suffered physical injury, neglect, emotional or sexual abuse. Those who harm children are often their parents or carers, but there are others, including young people, who may carry out such acts. In either case the child may be exposed to further harm and so action must be taken to stop it. These procedures have been prepared to help combat abuse, whatever the circumstances.
It is accepted that any definition has its limitations in terms of accuracy and relevance. Bearing this in mind, the following definitions are offered to help our understanding.
Physical Abuse
This is deliberate physical abuse or injury including inappropriate chastisement. It can involve hitting, shaking, biting, burning, attempted suffocation, drowning or giving inappropriate medication, drugs or alcohol. In general, the younger the child the more urgent is the need for help.
Child Sexual Abuse
This is any kind of sexual activity including those not involving physical contact but involving an abuse of power. This power may be based upon differences in age, intellect, physical strength, information or understanding. It may involve threats or bribes.
Neglect
This is failure to provide for the basic and essential needs of children, for example depriving them of adequate food, warmth, clothing, medical care, shelter and safety. Neglect of a child might not be caused deliberately by a carer but may arise from depressed or desperate circumstances; the effect on the child can be the same. Neglect, especially of the very young, can maim or even kill a child. Included in this category is failure to thrive.
Emotional Abuse
Whilst all forms of abuse constitute emotional abuse what is specifically meant in this category is the withholding of love and affection or regularly treating the child with indifference or hostility. It may include locking the child in rooms or dark cupboards, or withholding food or drink for long periods of time.
